Exploring Singkawang: The Heart of Hakka Culture in Kalimantan

The Hakka people in Singkawang, led by their mayor Tjhai Chui Mie, proudly celebrate their distinct Chinese cultural identity. Under her leadership, the community continues to preserve the traditions and values passed down through generations. Photo by TCM.

This vibrant city, just a three-hour drive from Pontianak, is not only steeped in history but also serves as a living testament to the rich cultural tapestry of Indonesia. 

A Little China in the Tropics

Often referred to as one of the largest Chinatowns in the country, Singkawang is home to a significant population of Hakka people, who have established their roots here over generations. 

Known as "A Little China in the Tropics," Singkawang invites visitors to explore its unique blend of cultures, traditions, and histories.

The history of the Hakka in Singkawang dates back centuries. Historical records from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) mention Varuna-dvipa, or Borneo, but it wasn't until 1740 that large-scale migration from China began, primarily involving Hakka from Fujian and Guangdong. These migrants sought new opportunities, particularly in gold mining, and they quickly became a vital part of the local economy.

The historical roots of the Hakka in Singkawang

By the late 18th century, the Chinese population in West Borneo surged to over 40,000, exceeding that of the Malay population at the time. Initially, these migrants worked under Malay (Sambas Kingdom) rulers, forming alliances for their survival. 

Two crucial organizations, Heshun Zongting and Lanfang Kongsi Zongting, emerged as pivotal forces, managing their communities much like mini-republics. Their success can be attributed to a strong sense of Hakka identity and a republican model of governance, which emphasized cooperation and mutual support among community members.

The social dynamics of the Hakka community further enriched their presence in Singkawang. Many Hakka individuals formed marital ties with the indigenous Dayak people, creating deep familial connections that still resonate today. This blending of cultures allowed the Hakka to integrate while also maintaining their distinct identity.

Cultural identity and modern contributions

Today, the Hakka people of Singkawang continue to celebrate their cultural heritage while contributing significantly to the broader community. 

The term "sobat," which means "friend" in the Dayak language, reflects the strong bonds between the Hakka and Dayak populations. These ties have fostered a spirit of collaboration that is essential for navigating the challenges of modern society.

In the political arena, Hakka individuals like Tjhai Chui Mie have emerged as influential leaders, showcasing the community's active participation in governance. Tjhai, as the incumbent mayor of Singkawang, exemplifies the continued relevance of Hakka leadership in local politics, embodying the values of service and community responsibility that are central to Hakka culture.

The cultural practices of the Hakka in Singkawang are also noteworthy. Despite pressures to assimilate, the Hakka community has diligently preserved their language, traditions, and festivals. Events celebrating Hakka heritage, such as traditional performances and culinary festivals, draw both locals and tourists alike, creating a vibrant atmosphere that showcases the richness of their culture.

A bright future for Singkawang

As you wander through the streets of Singkawang, the blend of Hakka and Dayak cultures is evident in the architecture, cuisine, and daily life. The city stands as a testament to resilience and adaptability, where traditions are cherished while also embracing modern influences. 

With over 40% of Singkawang's population identifying as Hakka, the city continues to evolve as a dynamic hub of cultural diversity.

The Hakka have not only maintained their identity over centuries but have also significantly enriched the multicultural landscape of West Kalimantan. Their story serves as a reminder of the importance of community, collaboration, and cultural pride. 

So, if you’re looking for an unforgettable travel experience filled with history, culture, and warm hospitality, Singkawang should be at the top of your list. 

Whether you’re exploring local markets or savoring authentic Hakka cuisine, you’ll discover the rich cultural tapestry of Singkawang. Engaging with the welcoming residents, you’ll feel the warmth of their hospitality. 

Singkawang is truly a place where cultures converge, creating a unique and vibrant community.

-- Wong Kham Phung