7 Taboos to be Aware of when Entering the Forests of Borneo

There are 7 taboos to be aware of when entering the forests of Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), which are deeply ingrained in the spiritual practices of the Dayak people. Photo credit: anak dayak fb.

BORNEOTRAVEL - PONTIANAK: Borneo, the world’s third-largest island, is often referred to as the "Island of the Dayak." This is because of its indigenous Dayak population, whose ancestors have lived here for thousands of years.

Carbon dating suggests that the Dayak people have been present in the region for at least 40,000 years. This is supported by findings in the Niah Caves in Miri. The caves are among the most significant prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia.

Known as a mystical and sometimes "haunted" island, Borneo has its share of traditions and taboos that are deeply rooted in Dayak beliefs. These taboos often relate to respect for the natural world, as well as spiritual customs involving the land, the forest, and ancestral spirits.

Here are 7 taboos to be aware of when entering the forests of Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), which are deeply ingrained in the spiritual practices of the Dayak people:

1. Do Not Speak Profanely or Disrespectfully

In Dayak culture, the use of language is highly important, especially in sacred places like the forest. Speaking disrespectfully or using foul language is considered a serious breach of etiquette. It is believed to disturb the peace of the forest and anger the spirits that inhabit the area. When in Dayak communities or the forest, maintaining proper speech and behavior is vital to avoid bad omens or spiritual repercussions.

2. Do Not Disturb Anything in the Forest

The forest is not just a resource for the Dayak people, but also a spiritual realm that is home to various spirits and ancestors. Disturbing the plants, animals, or any objects within the forest without permission is seen as disrespecting these spirits. It is believed that such actions can bring misfortune or anger the guardians of the forest, causing harm or bad luck to those who transgress.

 3. Do Not Burn Shrimp Paste (belacan/terasi) in Forbidden Areas

Shrimp paste, a key ingredient in Dayak cuisine, holds spiritual significance. There are certain sacred areas in the forest where using or burning shrimp paste is strictly forbidden. Doing so in these areas is believed to invoke the wrath of the forest spirits and bring bad luck or spiritual disturbances.

4. Ask Permission Before Relieving Yourself

Before relieving yourself in the open, whether it’s urinating or defecating, it’s customary to ask permission from the spirits of the forest. 

This practice is a sign of respect for the natural world and its guardians. It is believed that failing to do so could cause misfortune or anger the spirits that watch over the land.

5. Do Not Burn Ikan Seluang (Small Fish)

The Dayak people have a strong spiritual connection to the life found in the rivers and lakes. Ikan seluang (a type of small fish) is considered sacred and is often used in traditional rituals. Burning or harming these fish is seen as a violation of the balance of nature and can provoke the anger of the spirits that protect the waters and wildlife.

6. Do Not Cut or Harm Trees Without Permission

The trees in the forests of Kalimantan are considered sacred, and many of them are believed to be home to powerful spirits or ancestral beings. Cutting down or harming these trees without proper ritual or permission is seen as a grave offense. It is believed that such acts can disrupt the spiritual balance of the forest, leading to misfortune or disaster for the person responsible.

 7. Do Not Forget to Offer a Small Portion of Food or Drink to the Earth

Before eating or drinking, it is customary among the Dayak people to offer a small portion of food or drink to the earth as a gesture of gratitude and respect. This act acknowledges the spirits of the land and ensures harmony between humans and nature. It is a way of thanking the earth for providing sustenance and maintaining the balance between the physical and spiritual worlds.

These taboos reflect the deep and respectful relationship the Dayak people have with the natural world. They don’t see nature merely as a resource to be exploited, but as a sacred and living entity to be honored and protected.

 If you ever find yourself visiting the forests of Kalimantan, respecting these taboos is not only a sign of cultural appreciation but also a way to ensure your journey is harmonious with the local traditions and the spirit of the land.

- Apai Deraman